Prospects and trends for future electricity generation possibilities for economic development

Day by day, the world's population rises. The World Energy Council has cautioned that due to population growth, energy consumption would peak in 2030 and double by 2060. As a result, researchers today are looking to future techniques of electricity generation employing a number of various materials and technologies.

1. Coffee Power

When coffee cherries are processed into the finished product, an estimated 12.5 million tonnes of coffee are produced worldwide each year as liquid waste. Wastewater from the processing of coffee is a typical by-product that is used to wash coffee beans and make instant coffee. The Surrey University team has created a method to clean up wastewater while also producing electricity. While coffee waste has previously been compressed and sold as "biologs" to be burned, it is believed that this operation is the first to produce electricity from such garbage.The microbial fuel cells can be built of Perspex and stainless steel and are about the size of a 330ml Coke can.

2. Sugar Power

Humans can quickly release energy from sugar.Can it, however, power electric cars?That is what researchers are working to create at Virginia Tech University in the US.The procedure entails mixing 13 powerful enzymes and plant sugars in a reactor to produce hydrogen, a well-known fuel source that only creates water as a byproduct.To generate energy, the hydrogen is collected and pushed through a fuel cell.The process is less expensive and more ecologically friendly than electrolysis while producing three times as much hydrogen.

3. Texting Power

It's a massive business to text. An adult text for 10 hours a week on average. A modest electrical current, estimated at about 0.5W, is produced each time a phone button is pressed. By using a mechanism called piezoelectricity, which causes metals to generate electricity upon impact, scientists behind the Push to Charge device were able to capture this power. According to the idea, a mobile phone would be constructed up of piezoelectric crystals on the bottom layer and plastic buttons resting on a layer of strong metal. When a button is pressed, the hard metal hammers against the piezoelectric layer, producing a little voltage each time. Small cables that connect the layer to a battery can be used to store the electricity. "Now imagine if each button on a cell phone had a device inserted into it that made as little as 0.0005kW (0.5 Watts) each button pressed," said Push to Charge inventor Alexander Parker. That would imply that 0.115kW would be produced daily by texting."A cell phone battery typically needs a charge of 0.006 kW multiplied by the duration of time till full charge, or roughly 0.012 kW every day.The same cell phone wouldn't need to be charged from an external source, like wall outlets, if it used a technology like Press to Charge that generated energy with each button press.

4, Poo Power

Human excrement has sizable methane gas deposits, much like cow manure does.Scientists in the US capital of Washington, DC, are converting human waste into energy.In order to turn the residual sludge from the water treatment process into electrical energy, DC Water, the agency in charge of overseeing the capital's water systems, became the first utility business in North America to deploy a thermal hydrolysis technology.

5. Wind

Wind farms use turbines to harness the energy of the wind flow and turn it into electricity. The systems used to increase come in a variety of shapes and sizes. Single-wind turbines are used to support pre-existing energy organisations, but commercial-grade wind-powered generating systems can power a variety of different companies. Utility-scale wind farms are another type and can be bought in contract or wholesale.The variations in atmospheric temperature, along with the rotation of the Earth and the geology of the globe, all contribute to the phenomenon that we refer to as "wind."

6. Geothermal

Geothermal heat is heat that was trapped beneath the crust of the Earth during its formation 4.5 billion years ago and as a result of radioactive decay. Sometimes a lot of this heat escapes naturally, all at once, giving rise to well-known events like geysers and volcanic eruptions.By exploiting the steam that is created when heated water is pumped below the surface, which then rises to the top and can be utilised to power a turbine, this heat may be captured and used to create geothermal energy.

7. Ocean

Thermal and mechanical energy can both be generated by the water.Warm water surface temperatures are required for ocean thermal energy to be produced through a variety of methods.The ebbs and flows of the tides, which are caused by the earth's rotation and gravity from the moon, are used to generate energy using ocean mechanical energy.

 8. Speed breaker  

A speed limiter is a crucial component of highways and roads. It is possible to generate power from the enormous mechanical load placed on the speed breaker A significant amount of energy is lost at various speed bumps around the world. Modern technology can be used to convert this wasted energy into electricity utilising a variety of devices, such as a rack and pinion gear.The speed breaker is typically equipped with a spring or roller system to remove these mechanical energies as a vehicle passes over it. Rotational motions only operate the dc generator and generate electricity.

9. Raindrop

 Electricity can be generated from raindrops. An amount of 100 microliters of water can produce 140 V of energy when it drops from a height of 15 cm, according to research on water dropletsWhen raindrops fall continually on this film's top surface, surface charge builds up.Electricity is produced by using the idea of electron flow using the ensuing water bridge and the earth's electric field.This method may potentially be used in areas where raindrops fall from great heights onto surfaces like rooftops and umbrellas that are covered in film.

10. Leaf

Various leaf kinds have the ability to produce electricity when they come into contact with certain materials or the wind. By naturally converting the applied mechanical forces, certain leaves can generate electricity Due to the characteristics of contact electrification, electrical charges can be stored on the surface of leaves. The plant tissue is then reached by these charges.The ability of this electricity to spread to additional components demonstrates the potential for this electricity to reach outside objects. Numerous trees, including the bryophyllum leaf and nerum oleander tree, have the ability to produce electricity. According to reports, blowing air causes nerum oleander leaves to move, and their contact with other tree parts produces electricity.

11. Vegetables

Tomatoes are one example of a possible source. Vegetable waste can be used to generate electricity. In a biological electrochemical cell or a microbial fuel cell, electricity is produced. In a microbial  electrochemical cell, tomato waste is employed with a particular type of bacterium that breaks down the waste tomatoes. Micronutrients (Cu, Mn, Ni, and Zn) that act as bacteria and contain redox-active species are abundant in the skin and cull of tomatoes. Then, using the electron flow of microbial electrochemical cell systems, waste tomatoes are used to produce electricity.

12 Fruits

Electricity is produced using a variety of citrus fruits, including oranges, grapefruits, limes, and lemons, as well as their byproducts. Typically, the acidic juice of this citrus item exhibits the qualities of the perfect electrolyte. While the citrus meal is dissolving in the proper atmosphere, anions and cations are separated. Anions receive an electron from the positively charged electrode when they reach the terminal of the applied electrode, whereas cations release their electrons to produce electricity.

13. Aquatic animals and plants

Different energy-generating elements found in biological organisms can convert into a type of usable energy. Various biological species, such as jellyfish and algae, are used to produce electricity.

14. Electricity from human mobility

An average individual uses about 280 kcal per hour, which is comparable to 324 W of power, during daily activities like walking, which can be a source of electricity production.

With the aid of various technologies, such as particular kinds of tiles, this energy can be captured and transformed into electric energy. The application of a walking load on top of piezoelectric material is another method of using walking to generate electricity. Piezoelectric materials work through the application of pressure to their surface, and typically, the polarization of these materials changes as the applied load changes